UTA NURS3366 2021 October Module 6 & 7 Quiz Latest

NURS3366 Pathophysiologic Processes: Implications for Nursing

Module 6 & 7 Quiz

Question 1A patient has intermittent claudication and a history of atherosclerosis.  What other findings are most likely? 

  pitting edema of the ankles.

  jugular vein distention (JVD).

  cool feet with diminished pulses.

  S&S of increased preload.

 Question 2A patient is diagnosed with venous insufficiency. What treatment is most likely and why?

  a clot-busting medication; used to dissolve arterial clots.

  drop the legs lower than the heart; allows blood to flow around a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

  complete bedrest; venous stasis reduces the risk of thrombosis.

  elevation of the feet; enhances venous return.

 Question 3A 40-year-old man is undergoing a yearly physical. Everything is fine except that the nurse practitioner hears a murmur. All the following are likely etiologies EXCEPT:

  pulmonic valve insufficiency.

  a heart valve that is ischemic from a coronary artery blockage.

  incompetent venous valves.

  a stenotic mitral valve.

 Question 4A patient has a DVT (deep vein thrombosis) of the right calf.  Which of the following is the LEAST LIKELY to develop?  ­

  Pain at the DVT site.

  Loss of pulse in the right foot.

  Erythema of the right lower leg.

  Shortness of breath.

 Question 5While at a health fair, a man’s blood pressure is measured at 168/100. The registered nurse, instructs the man to see his healthcare provider (HCP). The man asks the nurse “Why; I feel great?”. How should the nurse respond?

  “High blood pressure can cause damage to your kidney or heart even if you feel great.”

  “Unless you have a headache, an elevated blood pressure is not a problem.”

  “An elevated blood pressure indicates less resistance in the artery and less work for your heart.”

  “If you are over 60 years old, this blood pressure measurement is within the normal range.”

 Question 6A man, whose blood pressure is measured at 168/100, is diagnosed with primary hypertension and wants to know more about the reason for the diagnosis. Which response, by the registered nurse (RN), is correct?

  Kidney disease is the likely cause of your high blood pressure.

  High blood pressure is caused by a diet high in fat, salt and cholesterol.

  There is no specific cause for high blood pressure; there are many known contributing factors.

Type-A personality is known to cause high blood pressure.

Question 7A man, whose blood pressure is measured at 168/100, is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). Which statement provides an appropriate rationale for the use of this drug?

  ACEI prevent beta receptor stimulation in the heart.

  This medication blocks the action of the sympathetic nervous system.

ACEI prevents vasoconstriction and sodium and water retention.

  This medication reduces the accumulation of LDLs within the arterial intima.

 Question 8A man, diagnosed with essential hypertension, is unable to afford his angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). Which complication, from the long-term effect of hypertension, is not expected?

  hematuria and proteinuria

  abdominal aortic aneurysm

  decreased vision

  chronic venous insufficiency

 Question 9A patient with a history of atherosclerosis and HTN (hypertension) is complaining of chest pain, SOB, and pain radiating to his left arm.  He is diagnosed with an MI of his left ventricular wall. Which S&S should the nurse link to a reduced cardiac output?

  varicose veins with ankle edema.

  decreased urine output; cap refill > 4seconds.

  BP of 190/90; awake and alert.

  weak peripheral pulses; warm pink skin.

 Question 10A patient with a history of atherosclerosis and HTN (hypertension) is complaining of chest pain, SOB, and pain radiating to his left arm.  He is diagnosed with an MI of his left ventricular wall. Elevated levels of ______________ confirm the diagnosis.

  troponin.

  B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).

  histamine.

  inotropes.

 Question 11A patient with a history of atherosclerosis and HTN (hypertension) is complaining of chest pain and SOB and is diagnosed with an MI of his left ventricular wall. He develops a blood pressure of 80/50.  Which statement is most accurate?

  The patient is hypotensive and should be given meds to decrease SVR (systemic vascular resistance).

  The patient should be given a negative inotrope; this will cause vasodilation.

  The patient is hypertensive and should be given large volumes of fluid.

  The patient should be given a positive inotrope; this will increase myocardial contractility.

 Question 12A patient with a history of atherosclerosis and HTN (hypertension) was diagnosed with an MI of his left ventricular wall. The development of left heart failure is suspected.  Which signs and symptoms (S&S) are likely? 

  increased preload & ankle edema.

  decreased afterload & intermittent claudication.

  tricuspid regurgitation & right atrial hypertrophy.

  shortness of breath and lung crackles.

 Question 13A patient with a history of atherosclerosis and HTN (hypertension) was diagnosed with an MI of his left ventricular wall. A diagnosis of heart failure will be confirmed when the serum _____________ is elevated. 

  C-reactive protein (CRP)

  B-type natriuretic peptic (BNP)

  creatine kinase (CK)

  red blood cell (RBC)

 Question 14A patient with CAD (coronary artery disease) reports that he gets angina only when he walks more than a mile.  It always goes away when he rests or takes a NTG (nitroglycerin) tablet.  Which statement best fits this patient?

  He has unstable angina due to worsening of an atherosclerotic plaque.

  He has ACS (acute coronary syndrome) that is stable due to development of collateral circulation.

  He has stable angina due to development of collateral circulation over time.

  His pain is caused by increased preload from venous congestion.

 Question 15A patient with CAD takes NTG to manage his symptoms. The rationale behind the use of this drug is to ____

  maximize coronary patency.

  vasoconstrict coronary arteries.

  increase contractility of the heart muscle.

  cause a negative inotropic effect.

 Question 16A patient with CAD takes aspirin to help manage his symptoms. The rationale behind the use of this drug is   to _______

  increase thrombosis.

  prevent inflammation that leads to increased plaque formation.

  reduce the patency of the coronary artery.

  promote platelet aggregation.

 Question 17A patient in atrial fibrillation has an increased likelihood of

 reduced cardiac output causing immediate death.

  an arterial embolus to the lungs.

  a venous embolus to the brain.

  reduced cardiac output or a thromboembolic event.

 Question 18The registered nurse is discussing the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis with a patient newly diagnosed with CAD. Which information is true about diet, atherosclerosis and the link with their CAD diagnosis?

HDL: High-density lipoprotein

LDL:  Low-density lipoprotein

  A normal HDL is good because it has a protective action in the body.

  LDL is considered the “good” cholesterol; reducing fatty plaques that clog arteries.

  Encourage the consumption of low-fat, high sodium nutritious food items.

  Encourage stress management through the use of electronic cigarette use.

 Question 19A patient presents to the emergency department (ED) with a heart rate of 120 beats/minute and a blood pressure of 80/50. The etiology of these signs and symptoms (S&S) are likely related to

  a potassium level of 5.5 (normal = 3.5 – 5.0) caused hypopolarization of the cardiomyocyte cell membrane.

  a potassium level of 5.5 (normal = 3.5 – 5.0) caused hyperpolarization of the cardiomyocyte cell membrane.

  the activation of the “flight or fight” response and an increased release of acetylcholine.

  an increased afterload to the left ventricle from pulmonary artery vasoconstriction.

 Question 20 A patient with chronic bronchitis says: “Look how swollen my legs and feet and belly are. This has been increasing over the last couple of years. What’s going on?”   As his nurse, you would most likely suspect that the patient has all the following EXCEPT

  venous backflow from LHF (left heart failure).

  cor pulmonale.

  ascites from RHF (right heart failure) backflow.

   venous backflow from increased PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance).

 

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