Response to below discussion question

response to below question 150 words with 1 scholary source with citation less than 5 years old

Canini posted Jan 10, 2019 8:24 PM

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In 2013, the US Preventative Services Task Force made serval changes in their guidelines that directed the screening of testing for the hepatitis C virus. It decided to include the testing to cover the people that were born between 1945 and 1965 without any consideration to the risk factors that may expose them to the disease (Viner et al., 2018). This group of people is commonly known as baby boomers. The changes to the testing guidelines for hepatic C virus were brought about by a cohort study that conducted in the United States concerning the hepatitis C disease prevalence. It came to the conclusion that 4.3% of all hepatitis C cases were reported in the United States. This percentage was four times than the estimated number of hepatitis C cases.

In 2011 the management of the hepatitis C patients entailed the administration of interferon and ribavirin. The current guidelines state that all hepatitis C patients should receive adequate treatment in spite of their stage of the disease. The previous guidelines mainly used a treatment method that was toxic and less effective. The cohort studies also found out that it was more beneficial to treat the patients with a sustained viral response since it prevented the development of fibrosis (Cheung et al., 2016). In October 2016, the use of antiviral medication such as ribavirin was approved to be used in the management of the hepatitis C patients.

The Population at Risk

There are numerous groups of people that are at high risk of getting the Hepatitis C virus. The intravenous drug users have the highest risk of getting the HCV virus. Other groups include; the patients on long term hemodialysis, people who have sexual intercourse with the IV drug users, individuals who received a blood transfusion before 1992, babies that are born by the infected mothers and lastly incarcerated individuals (Rein et al., 2015). The research studies that have previously been carried out have suggested that the individuals who have unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners or even sex with known hepatitis C virus individuals have a high risk of getting the virus. It is also proven that the people that were born in the United States between 1945 and 1965 have a high risk of having the disease.

Ramifications of unidentified and untreated people

There are numerous ramifications for various individuals that have hepatitis C disease and are not aware and have not been identified. These people do not receive any treatment for the disease thus exposing them to various consequences. This has resulted in more spread of the virus unknowing to the healthy individuals. Many people have died as a result of unmanaged hepatitis C virus.

In the United States, more than eighteen thousand deaths brought about by the hepatitis C and other underlying related conditions were reported. These patients mainly develop various conditions such as liver disease, diabetes mellitus, porphyria, and glomerulonephritis as well as the non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (Goldberg et al., 2017). A study carried out in 2018 shows there are a good number of people who have the virus and does not have any underlying conditions. However, 75% of these infected people have various conditions such as hepatic fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. These conditions mainly develop after a patient has lived with the hepatic C for a period of twenty years.

Reference

Viner, K., Kuncio, D., Newbern, E. C., & Johnson, C. C. (2015). The continuum of hepatitis C testing and care. Hepatology, 61(3), 783-789.

Goldberg, D., Ditah, I. C., Saeian, K., Lalehzari, M., Aronsohn, A., Gorospe, E. C., & Charlton, M. (2017). Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease among patients with cirrhosis or liver failure on the waitlist for liver transplantation. Gastroenterology, 152(5), 1090-1099.

Rein, D. B., Wittenborn, J. S., Smith, B. D., Liffmann, D. K., & Ward, J. W. (2015). The cost-effectiveness, health benefits, and financial costs of new antiviral treatments for hepatitis C virus. Clinical infectious diseases, 61(2), 157-168.

Cheung, M. C., Walker, A. J., Hudson, B. E., Verma, S., McLauchlan, J., Mutimer, D. J., … & Foster, G. R. (2016). Outcomes after successful direct-acting antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis. Journal of hepatology, 65(4), 741-747.

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