I NEED A COMMENT FOR THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION AND ALSO MY COMMENT…

I NEED A COMMENT FOR THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION AND ALSO MY COMMENT… I NEED A COMMENT FOR THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION AND ALSO MY COMMENT NEED REFERENCES IN APA STYLE 7TH EDITION PLEASE.”I chose a middle range theory that addresses acute and chronic pain management. This is the theory of a balance between analgesia and side effects. Two concepts for this theory include side effects and non-pharmacological adjuvants. Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and affective experience associated with tissue injury following trauma or surgery (Bredow & Peterson, 2020). Pain can drastically impact a persons quality of living and hospital experience and it is necessary that it be addressed. One of the concepts for this theory is side effects. This includes the side effects of opioids, non-opioids and non-pharmacological adjuvants. Pain can be treated by many different interventions. One of the go to interventions is providing the patient with fast acting medications such as opioids to make them more comfortable . Strong opioid pain medications can come with several side effects such as dizziness, nausea and vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, hypotension and dependence or addition can occur (Bredow & Peterson, 2020) This can be very serious. This is why there is a growing controversy in prescribing medications for long term use (Benyamin R, 2008). This is associated with abuse and diversion and usage should be avoided if at all possible (Benyamin R, 2008). For pain medication that is injected directly into the site such as epidural pain medication, this can make the legs weak or the patient can temporarily lose the ability to walk until the medication wears off (Bredow & Peterson, 2020) There is also a risk for infection at the site. You can use pharmacological adjuvants to prolong the effects of the opioid or to temporarily postpone having to use the more potent medication. These medications come with fewer side effects than the other. Typically if there are side effects it may be a slight upset stomach if being taken on an empty stomach. Non pharmacological adjuvants are interventions that do not include medication. These types of interventions can relax the patient and temporarily distract them from the pain they are experiencing. This can include relaxation techniques, music, massage, cold/heat therapy and guided imagery (Bredow & Peterson, 2020). Things the nurses can do are frequent assessments of pain to see what interventions are working best and what isn’t working. Once the nurse assesses the pain it is recommended that the nurse treat the symptoms the patient is experiencing rather than to just record them. The nurse would determine which intervention is appropriate at that time (Bredow & Peterson, 2020). ” Health Science Science Nursing NSG 5002 Share EmailCopy link Comments (0)

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