32. Mr. young has a history of congestive heart failure (CHF) andis receiving furosemide

32. Mr. young has a history of congestive heart failure (CHF) andis receiving furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg twice a day. As the nurse caring for the patient you would monitor the patient for which of the following?Hyponatremia hyperchloremia Hyperkalemia increase blood pressure33. Localized edema can result fromIncreased capillary permeability increased serum plasma proteins decrease level of water in the interstitial fluid compartment decrease capillary hydrostatic pressure 34. Which of the following terms refers to a situation in which fluid is trapped in a body cavity and longer available as circulating blood volume?Hypovolemia third spacing water retention dehydration 35. Which of the following is a compensation mechanism for fluid volume excess?Increase secretion of ADH increase urine specific gravity Release of aldosteroneIncrease release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)36. Which of the following patients would most likely be at risk for hypocalcemia?35 year old male patient with hypoparathyroidism 55 year old patient on thiazide diuretics 65 year old demineralization due to neoplasms70 year old female patient with prolonged immobility due to a stroke A client with hypoparathyroidism complains of numbness and tingling in his fingers and around the mouth. The nurse would assess for what electrolyte imbalance? A. HyponatremiaB. HypocalcemiaC. HyperkalemiaD. Hypermagnesemia37. Mr. John has been experiencing multiple episode of watery diarrhea. He was transported to the hospital for weakness. he’s set up sodium was 165 mmol /L. Which of the following best explains the fluid shift that will occur the patient? fluid will shift from the:Intravascular to interstitial compartment interstitial to intracellular compartment interstitial to intravascular compartment intravascular to intracellular compartment38. Which of the following will occur in response to renin- Angiotensin – aldosterone secretion?Increased intravascular volume decrease urinary output increase serum potassium decrease blood pressure2 &31 &21 & 42 & 439. Which of the following situations would likely contribute to third -spacing in a patient?Decrease capillary permeability decrease capillary hydrostatic pressure increase capillary osmotic pressure decrease capillary osmotic pressure40. Which of the following would likely occur in a patient and excess of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ?Fluid volume excess ( FVE) Hypokalemia Hypermatremia hyponatremia1 &43 &42 & 31 &241. Polyuria occurs in undiagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus as a response to:Increase glucose in the filtrate. increase secretion of cortisol excessive water loss insulin resistance by the cells.42. What causes the development of glucosuria in diabetes mellitus? Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the tubules. The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal threshold.Excessive amounts of Ketone filtrate by the glomerulus. sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption.Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics?The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit.43. If a person takes insulin lispro (Humalog) at 0800 hours, at What time is she likely to experience the peak symptom of hypoglycemic reaction? 0830 – 0930 hours 1200- 1400 hours1000 – 1200 hours 1300 – 1600 hours44. Which of the following describes an action of insulin?Promotes the synthesis of glycogenPromotes breakdown of adipose tissue Promotes gluconeogenesis increases the catabolism of proteins 45. Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus whenPolyuria causes dehydrationKetone levels rise in the blood lack of insulin causes hunger glucosuria causes ketoacidosis46. Which of the following describes the action of sulfonylureas, such as glyburide (Diabeta)?Stimulates glycogenolysisPromotes gluconeogenesisTransports glucose into cellsStimulates insulin production47. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is based on which of the following criteria about insulin?Small, but insufficient amounts of insulin are produced daily insulin is not available for use by the cells the cells are resistant to the insulin in the blood the cells use only some of the insulin produced48. Diabetic retinopathy result from which of the following:Abnormal metabolism in the lens of the eye **** degeneration of large blood vessels supplying the eye obstruction or rupture of retinal blood vessels also Neuropathy which affect the optic nerve49. Which of the following align and intermediate- acting insulin?Humulin N ***Humalog (Lispro)Lantus (glargine)Humulin RThe insulin that has the most rapid onset of action would be:A. Lente B. Lispro C. Ultralente D. Humulin N 50. Which of the following processes contributes to ketoacidosis and ketonuria In a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?Lipolysis GlycogenolysisGluconeogenesisglycogenesis51. Which of the following best explain how type 2 diabetes differ from type 1 diabetes? in type 2 diabetes mellitus:The secretion of glucagon is increased autoantibodies destroyed the islet cells in the pancreasThere may be a cellular resistance to insulin the client is totally dependent on the external source of insulin 51. b) A patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse what “”type 2″” means in relation to diabetes. The nurse explains to the patient that type 2 diabetes differs from type 1 diabetes primarily in that with type 2 diabetesa. the pt is totally dependent on an outside source of insulinb. there is a decreased insulin secretion and cellular resistance to insulin that is producedc. the immune system destroys the pancreatic insulin-producing cellsd. the insulin precursor that is secreted by the pancreas is not activated by the liver52. A patient receives his daily dose of insulin. When the drug reaches its peak action, which of the following may occur if the patient has not eaten?Polyuria and polyphagia loss of Consciousness and kussmaul’s respirationWarm, dry skin and bradycardiatremors and pallor53. Marcro-angiopathy in the deabetic person can result in which of the following?NephropathyPeripheral vascular disease NeuropathyRetinopathy54. Which of the following is the most helpful in evaluating long term blood glucose Management in patients with diabetes mellitus?Fasting blood glucose level 2 hour postprandial blood glucose levelGlycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) Regular capillary blood glucose monitoring55. Which of the following may cause insulin shock?Strenuous exerciseEating excessively large meals missing a dose of insulin Sedentary lifestyle 56. Ricardo is a 18 years old patient with the history of type 1 diabetes. The patient was admitted to the hospital for hyperglycemia and dehydration. An arterial blood gas (ABG) was drawn during his stay in the hospital. The following results were obtained from Riccardo’s arterial blood gas (ABG). Normal pH 7.35 7.35 – 7.45PaCo2 31 mmHg 35 – 45 mmHgHCo3 20 mmol/L 22- 28 mmol/LWhich of the following would be acid base imbalance found in the patient?Uncompensated metabolic acidosis fully compensated metabolic acidosis partially compensated respiratory acidosis partially compensated metabolic acidosis 57. The mechanism of action of the biguanides, such as metformin is to Increase insulin metabolism in the liver increase glucose metabolism in the liver stimulate pancreatic secretion of insulin decrease hepatic production of glucose 58. A person with type 2 diabetes mellitus, control with diet and oral hypoglycemic medication, is prescribed corticosteroids to treat an inflammation condition. which of the following may result?Increased production of insulin reduced effectiveness of corticosteroids increased production of glucagon Hyperglycemia59. Which of the following a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis in an unconscious person? select all that applies? Pale, moist skin strong, rapid pulseThirst Fruity breath odourDeep, rapid breathing60. All of the following would occur in a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC ) Except: Neurological deficits Dehydration Hyperglycemia ketoacidosis61. Which of the following statements is true about hemorrhagic stroke?The embolus lodges in cerebral artery they are less likely to cause of death than Ischemic Strokes the onset is usually sudden with localized effects they are associated with hypertension62. Mr. Pyke suffered a stroke and developed homonymous hemianopia with loss of left visual field. Which of the following area was likely damaged by the stroke?Damage to the right optic nerve damage to the right occipital lobe damage to the left optic nerve damage to the left occipital lobe63. The major action of the drug carbidopa – levodopa (Sinemet) is to:Decrease the production of acetylcholine absorb more levodopa from the GI tract Reduce dopamine productionReduce metabolism of levodopa64. Which of the following is the usual location of language centres?Right hemisphere Hypothalamus brain stem left hemisphere65. Which of the following characteristics symptom of Parkinson’s disease?AphasiaTremors during voluntary movement (Tremors at rest in the hands and repetitive motion of the hands) at rest only not during voluntary movement Alterations in postureBlurred vision 66. Which of the following statements explain the pathophysiology of right side hemiparesis? There is damage to theMotor pathways in the right parietal lobePyramidal pathway originating in the left hemisphere extrapyramidal tract originating in the left hemisphere extrapyramidal tract originating in the right hemisphere67. Which of the following terms refers to an inability to recognize objects or people?DysarthriaAlexiaAgnosia Agnosia is a rare disorder whereby a patient is unable to recognize and identify objects, persons, or sounds using one or more of their senses despite otherwise normally functioning sensesAphasia68. Cerebral vascular accident can cause dementia because of which of the following?Inflammation of brain cells destruction of brain cells disruption in the production of acetylcholine disruption in the production of dopamine 69. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of phenytoin (Dilantin)?Stimulate the influx of chloride ions in the neuronsPotentiate the effect of GABADelay the influx of calcium ions into the neuronDesensitization of sodium channels in the neuron : protect against seizures by causing voltage-dependent block of voltage gated sodium channels.70. Which would be the expected effect of a tumor developing in the somatosensory cortex of the left parietal lobe?dizziness and loss of balance ** Paresthesia of the right legDifficulty with understanding speech **** hemiparesis of the right leg 71. Collateral circulation is most likely to be present when a CVA result from which of the following? rapture of cerebral artery vasospasm in a cerebral artery development of an atherosclerosisAn embolus72. Which of the following applies to the corticospinal tract?It is pyramidal tract for efferent impulsesIt is an extrapyramidal nerve tract in the medullaIt is associated with the basal gangliaIt transmits impulses to the cerebral cortex73. Which of the following is a true statement about Transient ischemic attack?They may be caused by Rapture of a cerebral artery recovery generally occurs within 5 to 7 days the cause is a complete location of carotid artery they don’t cause loss of consciousness74. Which of the following explains the primary reason with occurrence of seizures following a head injury?The presence of blood irritate the neuronsOtorrhea or rhinorrhea changes intracranial pressureThe inflammatory response causes general hy hypoxiaThe CNS is depressed75. What does the term ” otorrhea” mean?Hemorrhage from the earCSF leaking from the nose (rhinorrhea) bleeding from the mouthCSF leaking from the ear76. Sign and symptom of cardiovascular accident depend upon which of the following?General Health of the person amount of venous return to the heart size of the cerebral artery affected distance of the affected cerebral artery from the heart77. The pathophysiologic changes in Parkinson’s disease are best described as:Degeneration of motor fibres in the pyramidal tracts Excess secretion of stimulatory neurotransmitters in the CNSA deficit of acetylcholine and degeneration of the motor cortex Progressive degenerative changes in the basal nuclei (Degeneration of the basal nuclei with a deficit of dopamine)78. Which neurotransmitter receptor is commonly lost in Alzheimer’s disease?SerotoninDopamineGABA Acetylcholine 79. Which of the following describes the characteristic changes in the brain of a person with Alzheimer’s disease?Obstruction of many small arteries in the cerebral cortex smaller ventricles in the brain with accumulation of cerebrospinal fluidCortical atrophy with plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles, impairing conductionIncreased acetylcholine levels80. Which of the following is the first indication of increasing the intracranial pressure?Dizziness with diplopiaWorsening headache**Projectile vomitingDecreasing level of consciousness Health Science Science Nursing Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)

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